Notes on Maximising Recovery of Practitioners

Generally, debriefing or psychological support interventions should not be implemented until the traumatic event is deemed to be over. The timing and nature of interventions should be negotiated with those impacted.

Debriefing type of interventions which encourage practitioners to describe the event should not be compulsory and should not occur in groups settings in remote areas.

The employer or manager should provide ongoing monitoring and support, since support needs of practitioners are likely to be ongoing until recovery is complete. This may take hours, days or weeks. They should bear in mind the possibility of delayed reactions.

Ensure regular and predictable periods of rest are available. If necessary, facilitate access to 'time out' if the practitioner requires or requests it e.g. allow him or her to take time off in lieu, annual leave, sick leave, or leave without pay.

Facilitate access to STD phone services if social support resources lie outside the remote community.

The practitioner may be particularly vulnerable to the impact of subsequent traumatic events if they occur before the practitioner has fully recovered from the initial event. High levels of ongoing stress are also likely to inhibit recovery.

Generally, the practitioner should return to usual strength and coping abilities within a month. If he or she does not, or if they appear to be deteriorating in their ability to function, then they should be referred to a mental health professional for psychological support.

Minimise delays in official processes (e.g. to determine cause of death, justice system processes, investigations, statements to police, funerals). Delays are likely to prolong trauma and delay recovery.

Support needs may increase during events related to the trauma (e.g. funerals, court appearances, investigations, anniversaries, or the return of the perpetrator to community).

Keep in mind the ongoing impact of the traumatic event on the practitioner. If their performance is deteriorating, supportive rather than punitive interventions may be indicated.

Intervene as soon as possible if conflict arises following the event. Look beneath the surface of the conflict for signs of acting out distress related to trauma. Use conflict resolution and mediation strategies. Punitive responses should be avoided.

At all stages, managers should aim for early detection and referral of those experiencing high levels of distress or ongoing difficulties to employee assistance services for psychological support. There is some evidence to suggest psychological interventions are likely to be most effective within one month, but up to four months after the event.